I think string processing is much easier in lots of other languages.
Dave, why I certainly can't (and won't) disagree with your experiences, as I believe I indicated, I never ran into a language with better string processing. (Was it was one of the ones I listed? If so, which one? If not, which language(s)?)
My text editor will show matching parentheses.
While I certainly don't doubt that, I've never had an editor that does (Microsoft Word, Notepad, the Visual C++ program editor (even if it does, which I honestly don't remember because it's never been an "issue" for me, I don't think that would really count for writing "text" documents). And I've never had an "editor" other than those in recent years because, #1, I find all of the above to be (at least mostly!) sufficient for the purposes that I use them for, and #2, I haven't had an editor other than those for 20 years or more. (I'll note that because of my memory issues that I've never been happy with editors that used lots of keyboard "options" (like the very limited set of options like Ctrl-C and Ctrl-X and Ctrl-V in most (if not basically all) Windows editors because I won't remember them; and I still use Word 2003 because I found the "buttons" and in later version(s) of Word to be unusable because I could neither see them nor remember them.)
Perhaps because they want to make it easier for their readers to understand them.
While that certainly may be true, I write the way I write, and I am not at all satisfied with leaving out stuff that I at least think is both relative and somewhat important, nor do I know how to lay it out "sequentially" and have it make any sense (in my e-mails to other people, I tend to use a lot of footnotes, which contain all of the information I want to present while not forcing the reader to either read or try to "skip by" the things that they are not interested in). Could be somehow related to my disabilities, because I was once considered to be a very good writer (in fact, I would go so far as to say that is was considered to be one of my "strengths" - one of my jobs was primarily producing program documentation).
Perhaps because they want to make it easier for their readers to understand them.
I can't do anything about that.
C# is very similar to Delphi, but with C syntax. Microsoft (rightly) got tired of all the buffer overflows and similar bugs and decided to come up with a language that would avoid them.
I don't even slightly disagree with Microsoft's decision; that is pretty much all I've heard over the years from people I am/have been acquainted with who strongly disliked C++ for all of the reasons you indicated. I can only say that absolutely none of those things were (even slight!) problems for me, ever (and I won't even speculate as to why) so that was never at all an issue for me. Frankly, I totally understand why C++ has gone the way of the dodo bird, it's just that those things (again) have never been a problem for me. (And, possibly as a side-benefit of that - particularly for me now given my financial circumstances, Microsoft now gives their C++ compilers away for free.) (I'll also add that, at this point in my life, I seriously doubt that I'll even be able to learn another computer language because of my memory issues; fortunately that's not an issue because I've known C++ for probably 15 or more years now - far pre-dating the time when my memory issues really became serious; and the TCC batch language has the best "help" system I've ever encountered, so much so that just having "some idea" of what I want/want to do is 99.9% of the time completely sufficient (and I probably "look up" something in that help file a dozen or more times in the "average" day.)
As someone who has a Ph.D. in mathematics, I'm amazed that you think mathematics requires more memorization than other subjects. In my experience, it requires significantly less. If one understands the material, many things can be derived when needed, so memorization is not necessary.
I don't have a Ph.D. in mathematics, I don't have (and have never had any interest at all in) getting a Ph.D. in anything. This might be because I was so good in my "chosen" field (which is precisely why it was my "chosen" field) that I never saw any advantage whatsoever in going past my B.S. And, as far as the "memorization" goes, it was in my utter failure to memorize "proofs" in high-school Geometry class that got me "kicked" out of the high-school "honors" mathematics program - and I tried to avoid classes where that would an issue at all costs in college. This meant that my grades were pretty much inversely proportional to the amount of "memorization" required, no memorization, just general "concepts", very high grades; lots of memorization, quite the opposite. I actually had a mid-term "report card" that had (in order, no less!) an "A", a "B", a "C", and a "D" (in Latin - I don't think that I have to explain why.)
Dyscalculia? Asperger syndrome?
Asperger syndrome. And even though the article on "Dyscalculia" has all of those words (or close variations of same) in it, their uses in the article are almost diametrically opposed to their "uses" in the context of Aspbeger syndrome.
And, as a final "thought" on the matter, I am the way I am and I learned a very long ago not to try to "fight it" in any way; it has a lot of disadvantages, but it also has a considerable number of advantages - and in the case of Aspberger syndrome, I have (or at least had) every single one of its often mentioned typically very "good" attributes, so much so that I don't even regret slightly that I have(/had) it.